Free Garden & Companion Planting Guide

Companion planting is the practice of growing certain plants near each other for mutual benefit. Some plants repel pests from their neighbors, improve soil nutrients, provide shade or support, attract beneficial insects, or enhance flavor. For example, basil planted near tomatoes helps repel aphids and may improve tomato flavor, while beans fix nitrogen in the soil that benefits heavy-feeding plants nearby.

Avoid planting brassicas (cabbage, broccoli, kale) near tomatoes as they compete for nutrients. Keep potatoes away since they share diseases like blight. Corn and tomatoes attract the same pest (tomato hornworm/corn earworm). Fennel and mature dill can also inhibit tomato growth. Instead, plant tomatoes with basil, carrots, marigolds, and parsley for the best results.

The Three Sisters is a traditional Native American companion planting method using corn, beans, and squash together. Corn provides a natural trellis for beans to climb. Beans fix nitrogen in the soil, feeding the corn and squash. Squash spreads along the ground, its large leaves shading the soil to retain moisture and suppress weeds, while its prickly stems deter pests.

Spacing varies by plant. Small plants like radishes need only 1-2 inches apart, while sprawling plants like squash need 36-48 inches. As a general guide: leafy greens need 6-12 inches, root vegetables 2-6 inches, tomatoes and peppers 18-36 inches, and vining crops 36-60 inches. Always check the specific spacing for each variety and consider using vertical growing methods to save space.

Marigolds are the top companion flower - their roots repel nematodes and their scent deters aphids, whiteflies, and other pests. Nasturtiums act as trap crops, luring aphids away from vegetables. Sunflowers attract pollinators and provide natural trellises. Lavender attracts bees and repels deer. Plant these flowers throughout your vegetable garden borders and between rows for maximum benefit.

Mediterranean herbs that prefer dry conditions grow well together: rosemary, thyme, sage, lavender, and oregano. Moisture-loving herbs like basil, parsley, cilantro, and chives pair well together. Avoid planting mint with anything - it spreads aggressively and should always be grown in its own container. Dill and fennel should be kept separate as they can cross-pollinate.

Some tropical crops can be grown in containers and brought indoors during winter in subtropical and temperate climates. Ginger and turmeric do well in pots. Dwarf banana and papaya varieties can be container-grown. Coffee plants make attractive houseplants. However, large tropical trees like mango and avocado need consistently warm temperatures and are only productive outdoors in tropical/subtropical regions.